DPI/WEEK 11
DPI; WEEK 11
1/11/2021Diane Lim En Wei / 0345187 / B'Creative Media
Digital Photo and imaging
LECTURES
Week 11 (1/11/2021) Digital Photography
Exposure setting
Exposure - The amount of light which reaches your camera sensor or
film.
There are only two camera settings that effect the actual exposure of an
image. Shutter speed and aperture, and ISO.
Iris - Iris/Aperture controls the flow of light entering the lens, works
the same way as the Iris in the eye.
It is measured by f-stop, indicated by sequence of f-number;
- f/1
- f/1.4
- f/2
- f/2.8
- f/4
- f/5.6
- f/8
- f/11
- f/16
- f/22
- f/32
- etc.
The lower the f-number, the larger the lens opening.
Fig 1.1 ; f-number and its resulting aperture (5/11/2021)
Shutter
- A small plastic sheet that opens and closes to allow light onto the
film, or prevent light from reaching the film.
Shutter speed is measured in seconds
- 1/1000 s
- 1/500 s
- 1/250 s
- 1/125 s
- 1/60 s
- 1/30 s
- 1/15 s
- 1/8 s
- 1/4 s
- 1/2 s
- 1s
- 2s
- 3s
- etc.
Fig 1.2 ; Shutter speed and its results (5/11/2021)
ISO - In digital photography, it refers to the sensitivity-the
signal gain-of the camera's sensor.
The lower the number of ISO, the less sensitive your camera is to
light, the finer the grain.
Fig 1.3 ; ISO value and its results (5/11/2021)
Lens perspective
- wide angle lens, standard lens, tele lens.
Different lenses are designed for different purposes. Lenses
can be categorized by focal length;
Focal Length
- The measurement (in mm) from the optical center of a camera lens,
to the camera's sensor.
The shorter the focal length, the wider
the angle of view, and vice-versa
Fig 1.4 ; Focal length and the resulting angle of view
(5/11/2021)
Depth of field - Proportion of the image that is reasonably sharp and in
focus. The smaller the aperture used, the greater the depth of
field.
Wide angle lens - Ideal for fitting a large area into your frame. Especially useful for
landscape photography or street photography. With wide angle lenses,
almost everything is in focus, unless the subject is very close to the
lens.
Standard lens
- Offers a fairly accurate representation of what the human eye sees,
both in terms of visual angle, and perspective. Images created by
standard lens are perceived as more natural than those taken with
other types of camera lenses.
Tele lens
- Great for isolating a subject that is far away. Allows for subjects
to be photographed from a distance, thanks to its
magnification.
Studio lighting
Continuous light - Lighting that is on all the time, unlike the fleeting flash
on a camera for example.
Flash
- The most versatile light source; powerful yet lightweight.
Can be bounced or diffused just like any other light and electronic
flash.
Portrait lighting setup
Side lighting
- A side lit photograph where one side of the subject's body will
be illuminated while the other side may be in total
darkness.
Fig 2.1 ; Example of side lighting (5/11/2021)
Fig 2.2 ; Setup of side lighting (5/11/2021)
Rembrandt Lighting
- Classical lighting style, where there is a triangular highlight on the cheek. The main light is placed to the side of the subject and angled
down from about two feet above the subject's head.
Fig 2.3 ; Example of Rembrandt lighting (5/11/2021)
Fig 2.3 ; Setup of Rembrandt lighting (5/11/2021)
- f/1
- f/1.4
- f/2
- f/2.8
- f/4
- f/5.6
- f/8
- f/11
- f/16
- f/22
- f/32
- etc.
The lower the f-number, the larger the lens opening.
Fig 1.1 ; f-number and its resulting aperture (5/11/2021)
Shutter
- A small plastic sheet that opens and closes to allow light onto the
film, or prevent light from reaching the film.
Shutter speed is measured in seconds
- 1/1000 s
- 1/500 s
- 1/250 s
- 1/125 s
- 1/60 s
- 1/30 s
- 1/15 s
- 1/8 s
- 1/4 s
- 1/2 s
- 1s
- 2s
- 3s
- etc.
Fig 1.2 ; Shutter speed and its results (5/11/2021)
ISO - In digital photography, it refers to the sensitivity-the
signal gain-of the camera's sensor.
The lower the number of ISO, the less sensitive your camera is to
light, the finer the grain.
Fig 1.3 ; ISO value and its results (5/11/2021)
Lens perspective
- wide angle lens, standard lens, tele lens.
Different lenses are designed for different purposes. Lenses
can be categorized by focal length;
Focal Length
- The measurement (in mm) from the optical center of a camera lens,
to the camera's sensor.
The shorter the focal length, the wider the angle of view, and vice-versa
The shorter the focal length, the wider the angle of view, and vice-versa
Fig 1.4 ; Focal length and the resulting angle of view
(5/11/2021)
Depth of field - Proportion of the image that is reasonably sharp and in
focus. The smaller the aperture used, the greater the depth of
field.
Wide angle lens - Ideal for fitting a large area into your frame. Especially useful for
landscape photography or street photography. With wide angle lenses,
almost everything is in focus, unless the subject is very close to the
lens.
Standard lens
- Offers a fairly accurate representation of what the human eye sees,
both in terms of visual angle, and perspective. Images created by
standard lens are perceived as more natural than those taken with
other types of camera lenses.
Tele lens
- Great for isolating a subject that is far away. Allows for subjects
to be photographed from a distance, thanks to its
magnification.
Studio lighting
Continuous light - Lighting that is on all the time, unlike the fleeting flash
on a camera for example.
Flash
- The most versatile light source; powerful yet lightweight.
Can be bounced or diffused just like any other light and electronic
flash.
Portrait lighting setup
Side lighting
- A side lit photograph where one side of the subject's body will
be illuminated while the other side may be in total
darkness.
Fig 2.1 ; Example of side lighting (5/11/2021)
Fig 2.2 ; Setup of side lighting (5/11/2021)
Rembrandt Lighting
- Classical lighting style, where there is a triangular highlight on the cheek. The main light is placed to the side of the subject and angled
down from about two feet above the subject's head.
Fig 2.3 ; Example of Rembrandt lighting (5/11/2021)
Fig 2.3 ; Setup of Rembrandt lighting (5/11/2021)
PRACTICAL
We took a trip to the the Photo studio, and experimented on both styles of Portrait lighting setup on ourselves.
Fig 3.1 ; Side lighting (5/11/2021)
Fig 3.2 ; Rembrandt lighting (5/11/2021)
Fig 3.3 ; First sketch of digital poster (24/11/2021)
Fig 3.4 ; Second sketch of digital poster (24/11/2021)
I chose Fig 3.3 for the final poster.
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